Palabras clave
Microalgas nativas
Humedales altoandinos
Altiplano boliviano
Biofertilizantes líquidos
Humedales altoandinos
Altiplano boliviano
Biofertilizantes líquidos
Cómo citar
Callisaya Vela, W. (2026). Microalgas nativas de humedales altoandinos del Altiplano boliviano como biofertilizantes para restauración de suelos degradados: Perspectiva biotecnológica. Revista Latinoamericana De Difusión Científica, 8(15), 568-603. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21536374
Resumen
El presente artículo propone un marco conceptual para el aprovechamiento biotecnológico de microalgas nativas de los humedales altoandinos del Altiplano boliviano como recursos biológicos destinados al desarrollo de biofertilizantes líquidos para la restauración de suelos degradados. Para ello, se integran los avances científicos más recientes sobre biodiversidad microalgal, adaptaciones fisiológicas a ambientes extremos, biotecnología del cultivo de microalgas y sus aplicaciones, con el propósito de analizar el potencial de estas especies para contribuir al desarrollo de sistemas agrícolas sostenibles en ecosistemas de alta montaña. Este trabajo presenta un marco conceptual y matemático que describe la secuencia biotecnológica desde el aislamiento y escalamiento de cepas nativas hasta la obtención de cultivos líquidos de microalgas viables para su aplicación agrícola directa. El modelo propuesto incorpora enfoques orientados a optimizar el crecimiento del cultivo, mantener la viabilidad celular, favorecer la acumulación de metabolitos bioactivos en el medio de cultivo y estimar estrategias de dilución para su aplicación en campo. Asimismo, se identifican las principales brechas de conocimiento relacionadas con la biodiversidad, fisiología, cultivo, escalamiento tecnológico y evaluación agronómica de microalgas nativas en Bolivia. Finalmente, se propone una agenda de investigación que integra biotecnología, agroecología y bioeconomía para acelerar la validación experimental, fortalecer el desarrollo de bioinsumos sostenibles, promover la transferencia tecnológica y contribuir a la restauración ecológica, la productividad agrícola y la resiliencia de los agroecosistemas altoandinos frente al cambio climático y la degradación ambiental.
Citas
Abd El-Baky, H. H., El-Baroty, G. S., & El-Baz, F. K. (2022). Osmoprotectants in microalgae under salt stress. Algal Research, 64, 102700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2022.102700
Alobwede, E., Leake, J. R., & Pandhal, J. (2019). Circular economy fertilization: Testing micro and macro algal species as soil improvers and nutrient sources for crop production in greenhouse and field conditions. Geoderma, 334, 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.049
Alvarenga, P., Martins, M., Ribeiro, H., Mota, M., Guerra, I., Cardoso, H., & Silva, J. L. (2023). Evaluation of the fertilizer potential of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus grown in agricultural drainage water from maize fields. Science of the Total Environment, 861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160670
Andersen, R. A. (Ed.). (2005). Algal Culturing Techniques. Elsevier.
Andrade, A. (2023). Biotechnological potential of cyanobacteria from wetlands in Leticia region, Colombia.
Arora, N., Pienkos, P. T., Pruthi, V., Poluri, K. M., & Guarnieri, M. T. (2018). Leveraging algal omics to reveal potential targets for augmenting TAG accumulation. Biotechnology Advances, 36(4), 1274–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.005
Asistencia técnica de Alemania-GIZ. (2021). Estudio complementario de impacto de la radiación UV en paneles solares(datos UV de un año) y otros componentes expuestos en condiciones del altiplano boliviano. La Cooperación Alemana al Desarrollo a través de la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH y su Programa de Energías Renovables (PEERR) tiene como objetivo brindar asistencia técnica a través del Ministerio de Hidrocarburos y E.
Barsanti, L., & Gualtieri, P. (2014). Algae: Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology. CRC Press.
Borowitzka, M. A., & Moheimani, N. R. (2013). Algae for Biofuels and Energy. Springer.
Brennan, L., & Owende, P. (2010). Biofuels from microalgae: A review of technologies for production, processing, and extraction of biofuels and co-products. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(2), 557–577.
Calvo, P., Nelson, L., & Kloepper, J. W. (2014). Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383(1–2), 3–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2136-3
Chisti, Y. (2007). Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnology Advances, 25(3), 294–306.
Chloé, M. (2020). Estudio técnico económico de la extracción de los lípidos de las microalgas para la producción de biodiesel. 12(13), 17. https://doi.org/1000334342/187
Chokshi, K., Pancha, I., Ghosh, A., & Mishra, S. (2021). Cold stress adaptation in microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 341, 125856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125856
Coppens, J., Grunert, O., Van Den Hende, S., et al. (2016). The use of microalgae as biofertilizers. Applied Phycology.
Costa, J. A. V., Freitas, B. C., & Cruz, C. G. (2023). Bioactive compounds from microalgae under stress conditions. Marine Drugs, 21(4), 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21040220
du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021
du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021
FAO & ITPS. (2015). Status of the World's Soil Resources. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FAO. (2021). The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture – Systems at Breaking Point (SOLAW 2021). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FAO. (2023, July 19). Plan de acción de la FAO 2022-2025 para la aplicación de la Estrategia de la FAO sobre el cambio climático. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7014es
Fernández, G. A. (25 de abril de 2014). Parque de las ciencias. BIO-173. Biotecnología de microalgas marinas: https://www.parqueciencias.com/historico/las-microalgas-origen-y-futuro-de-vida/
García, J., Pérez, R., & López, M. (2024). Microalgae resilience in extreme environments and biotechnological applications. Journal of Applied Phycology, 36, 1123–1138.
Gliessman, S. R. (2015). Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems (3rd ed.). CRC Press.
Gonçalves, J., Freitas, J., Fernandes, I., & Silva, P. (2023). Microalgae as Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Way to Improve Soil Fertility and Plant Growth. Sustainability, 15(16), 12413. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612413
González, A., Torres, J., & Medina, F. (2021). Extremophilic microalgae and environmental stress adaptation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 654321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.654321
Hippe, K., Jansen, J. D., Skov, D. S., Lupker, M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Kober, F., Zeilinger, G., Capriles, J. M., Christl, M., Maden, C., Vockenhuber, C., & Egholm, D. L. (2021). Cosmogenic in situ 14C-10Be reveals abrupt Late Holocene soil loss in the Andean Altiplano. Nature Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22825-6
IPCC. (2019). Climate Change and Land: An IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Ju, X. T., Xing, G. X., Chen, X. P., Zhang, S. L., Zhang, L. J., Liu, X. J., Cui, Z. L., Yin, B., Christie, P., Zhu, Z. L., & Zhang, F. S. (2009). Reducing environmental risk by improving nitrogen management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(9), 3041–3046. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813417106
Khan, W., Rayirath, U. P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M. N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D. M., Critchley, A. T., Craigie, J. S., Norrie, J., & Prithiviraj, B. (2009). Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 28(4), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-009-9103-x
Kim, M. S., Lee, Y. K., & Park, J. (2023). Microalgae–bacteria interactions in extreme environments. Biotechnology Advances, 66, 108179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108179
Koushal, S., Singh, R., & Sharma, N. (2023). UV stress response in microalgae. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 240, 112645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112645
Lal, R. (2015). Restoring soil quality to mitigate soil degradation. Sustainability, 7(5), 5875–5895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7055875
Li, H., Zhang, X., & Wang, Y. (2021). Salt stress adaptation mechanisms in microalgae. Algal Research, 56, 102302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2021.102302
Liu, Y. L. (2021). Utilization of organic waste in microalgae cultivation: Nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability. Bioresource Technology, 319, 124168., 34(124168), 319. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124168
Malusá, E., & Vassilev, N. (2014). A contribution to set a legal framework for biofertilisers. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98, 6599–6607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-5828-y
Marín-Marín, C. A., Estrada, J. A., Delgado-Naranjo, J. M., Zapata-Ocampo, P. A., & Peñuela-Vásquez, M. (2024). Cyanobacteria and microalgae as potential sources of biofertilizers: A review. Actualidades Biológicas, 46(120). https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi/v46n120a06
Mckenzie, N., Forlano, N., Keene, C., Sala, M., Sorokin, A., Verbeke, I., Ward, C., Secretariat, G., Achouri, M., Vargas, R., Finka, M., Alavipanah, S. K., Alegre, J., Alshankiti, A., Arrouays, D., Aulakh, M. S., Badraoui, M., Baptista, I., Black, H., … Zhang, L. (n.d.). Prepared by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils Luca Montanarella (Chair) Dan Pennock (Lead Author) Status of the World’s Soil Resources. Retrieved www.fao.org/publications
Miranda, A. M., Hernandez-Tenorio, F., & Villalta, F. (2024). Advances in microalgae biostimulants. Biology, 13(3), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13030199
Moreno, J. R. (9 de octubre de 2012). Aspectos ecológicos y metodológicos del muestreo,identificación y cuantificación. Aspectos ecológicos y metodológicos del muestreo: http://revistareduca.es/index.php/biologia/article/view/964
Osorio-Reyes, J. G., Valenzuela-Amaro, H. M., Pizaña-Aranda, J. J. P., et al. (2023). Microalgae-Based Biotechnology as Alternative Biofertilizers for Soil Enhancement and Carbon Footprint Reduction: Advantages and Implications. Marine Drugs, 21(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21020093
Pretty, J. (2008). Agricultural sustainability: Concepts, principles and evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1491), 447–465. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2163
Pulz, O., & Gross, W. (2004). Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 65, 635–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x
Rastogi, R. P., Richa, & Incharoensakdi, A. (2020). UV stress and protective mechanisms in microalgae. Science of the Total Environment, 708, 135179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135179
Reinel, J. P., Torres Virviescas , J. P., & Henao Castro, A. (2022). Evaluación del potencial de cultivo de cuatro especies microalgales nativas. MUTIS , 12(2), 23 -45. https://doi.org/https://10.21789/22561498.1821
Renuka, N., Guldhe, A., Prasanna, R., Singh, P., & Bux, F. (2018). Microalgae as multi-functional options in modern agriculture. Biotechnology Advances.
Renuka, N., Sood, A., Prasanna, R., & Ahluwalia, A. S. (2018). Phycoremediation and biofertilization potential of microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 247, 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.066
Riascos, M. A. (2022). Evaluación del efluente de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual de la Universidad Autónoma de occidente como medio de cultivo para la microalga Chlorella Vulgaris.
Richmond, A., & Hu, Q. (2013). Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Sánchez-Quintero, Á., Fernandes, S. C. M., & Beigbeder, J. B. (2023). Microalgae biostimulants from wastewater. Microbiological Research, 277, 127505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2023.127505
Sharma, P., Jha, A. B., & Dubey, R. S. (2022). Membrane lipid adaptation in microalgae under temperature stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 195, 104774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104774
Singh, J., & Gu, S. (2010). Commercialization potential of microalgae for biofuels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 2596–2610.
Singh, P., Singh, S., & Bux, F. (2022). Stress tolerance in microalgae: Biotechnological implications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 157, 112037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.112037
Sun, Z., Liu, X., Ugya, A. Y., et al. (2025). Microalgae and cyanobacteria as a tool for agricultural sustainability: A review of biofertilizer and biostimulant potential. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, 1733394. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1733394
Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R., & Polasky, S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418, 671–677. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01014
Torrez , R., Burgoa, A., & Ricaldi , E. (2013). MODELOS DE ESTIMACION DE LA RADIACION SOLAR DE BOLIVIA . REVISTA BOLIVIANA DE FISICA, 124(23), 15. https://doi.org/1562/3823
Towards circular economy: Potential of microalgae–bacterial-based biofertilizer on plants. (2024). Journal of Environmental Management, 349, 119445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119445
Uggetti, E., Álvarez-González, A., Serrano, L., Gorchs, G., Ferrer, I., & Díez-Montero, R. (2022). Can microalgae grown in wastewater reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers? Journal of Environmental Management, 323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116224
Vessey, J. K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255, 571–586. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026037216893
Xu, J., Wang, H., & Li, Y. (2020). Secondary metabolites in microalgae under environmental stress. Algal Research, 52, 102079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.102079
Zhao, Y., Sun, X., & Wang, Q. (2021). Exopolysaccharides and biofilm formation in microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 326, 124738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124738
Alobwede, E., Leake, J. R., & Pandhal, J. (2019). Circular economy fertilization: Testing micro and macro algal species as soil improvers and nutrient sources for crop production in greenhouse and field conditions. Geoderma, 334, 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.049
Alvarenga, P., Martins, M., Ribeiro, H., Mota, M., Guerra, I., Cardoso, H., & Silva, J. L. (2023). Evaluation of the fertilizer potential of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus grown in agricultural drainage water from maize fields. Science of the Total Environment, 861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160670
Andersen, R. A. (Ed.). (2005). Algal Culturing Techniques. Elsevier.
Andrade, A. (2023). Biotechnological potential of cyanobacteria from wetlands in Leticia region, Colombia.
Arora, N., Pienkos, P. T., Pruthi, V., Poluri, K. M., & Guarnieri, M. T. (2018). Leveraging algal omics to reveal potential targets for augmenting TAG accumulation. Biotechnology Advances, 36(4), 1274–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.005
Asistencia técnica de Alemania-GIZ. (2021). Estudio complementario de impacto de la radiación UV en paneles solares(datos UV de un año) y otros componentes expuestos en condiciones del altiplano boliviano. La Cooperación Alemana al Desarrollo a través de la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH y su Programa de Energías Renovables (PEERR) tiene como objetivo brindar asistencia técnica a través del Ministerio de Hidrocarburos y E.
Barsanti, L., & Gualtieri, P. (2014). Algae: Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology. CRC Press.
Borowitzka, M. A., & Moheimani, N. R. (2013). Algae for Biofuels and Energy. Springer.
Brennan, L., & Owende, P. (2010). Biofuels from microalgae: A review of technologies for production, processing, and extraction of biofuels and co-products. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(2), 557–577.
Calvo, P., Nelson, L., & Kloepper, J. W. (2014). Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383(1–2), 3–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2136-3
Chisti, Y. (2007). Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnology Advances, 25(3), 294–306.
Chloé, M. (2020). Estudio técnico económico de la extracción de los lípidos de las microalgas para la producción de biodiesel. 12(13), 17. https://doi.org/1000334342/187
Chokshi, K., Pancha, I., Ghosh, A., & Mishra, S. (2021). Cold stress adaptation in microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 341, 125856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125856
Coppens, J., Grunert, O., Van Den Hende, S., et al. (2016). The use of microalgae as biofertilizers. Applied Phycology.
Costa, J. A. V., Freitas, B. C., & Cruz, C. G. (2023). Bioactive compounds from microalgae under stress conditions. Marine Drugs, 21(4), 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21040220
du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021
du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021
FAO & ITPS. (2015). Status of the World's Soil Resources. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FAO. (2021). The State of the World's Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture – Systems at Breaking Point (SOLAW 2021). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
FAO. (2023, July 19). Plan de acción de la FAO 2022-2025 para la aplicación de la Estrategia de la FAO sobre el cambio climático. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7014es
Fernández, G. A. (25 de abril de 2014). Parque de las ciencias. BIO-173. Biotecnología de microalgas marinas: https://www.parqueciencias.com/historico/las-microalgas-origen-y-futuro-de-vida/
García, J., Pérez, R., & López, M. (2024). Microalgae resilience in extreme environments and biotechnological applications. Journal of Applied Phycology, 36, 1123–1138.
Gliessman, S. R. (2015). Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems (3rd ed.). CRC Press.
Gonçalves, J., Freitas, J., Fernandes, I., & Silva, P. (2023). Microalgae as Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Way to Improve Soil Fertility and Plant Growth. Sustainability, 15(16), 12413. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612413
González, A., Torres, J., & Medina, F. (2021). Extremophilic microalgae and environmental stress adaptation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 654321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.654321
Hippe, K., Jansen, J. D., Skov, D. S., Lupker, M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Kober, F., Zeilinger, G., Capriles, J. M., Christl, M., Maden, C., Vockenhuber, C., & Egholm, D. L. (2021). Cosmogenic in situ 14C-10Be reveals abrupt Late Holocene soil loss in the Andean Altiplano. Nature Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22825-6
IPCC. (2019). Climate Change and Land: An IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Ju, X. T., Xing, G. X., Chen, X. P., Zhang, S. L., Zhang, L. J., Liu, X. J., Cui, Z. L., Yin, B., Christie, P., Zhu, Z. L., & Zhang, F. S. (2009). Reducing environmental risk by improving nitrogen management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(9), 3041–3046. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813417106
Khan, W., Rayirath, U. P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M. N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D. M., Critchley, A. T., Craigie, J. S., Norrie, J., & Prithiviraj, B. (2009). Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 28(4), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-009-9103-x
Kim, M. S., Lee, Y. K., & Park, J. (2023). Microalgae–bacteria interactions in extreme environments. Biotechnology Advances, 66, 108179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108179
Koushal, S., Singh, R., & Sharma, N. (2023). UV stress response in microalgae. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 240, 112645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112645
Lal, R. (2015). Restoring soil quality to mitigate soil degradation. Sustainability, 7(5), 5875–5895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7055875
Li, H., Zhang, X., & Wang, Y. (2021). Salt stress adaptation mechanisms in microalgae. Algal Research, 56, 102302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2021.102302
Liu, Y. L. (2021). Utilization of organic waste in microalgae cultivation: Nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability. Bioresource Technology, 319, 124168., 34(124168), 319. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124168
Malusá, E., & Vassilev, N. (2014). A contribution to set a legal framework for biofertilisers. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98, 6599–6607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-5828-y
Marín-Marín, C. A., Estrada, J. A., Delgado-Naranjo, J. M., Zapata-Ocampo, P. A., & Peñuela-Vásquez, M. (2024). Cyanobacteria and microalgae as potential sources of biofertilizers: A review. Actualidades Biológicas, 46(120). https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi/v46n120a06
Mckenzie, N., Forlano, N., Keene, C., Sala, M., Sorokin, A., Verbeke, I., Ward, C., Secretariat, G., Achouri, M., Vargas, R., Finka, M., Alavipanah, S. K., Alegre, J., Alshankiti, A., Arrouays, D., Aulakh, M. S., Badraoui, M., Baptista, I., Black, H., … Zhang, L. (n.d.). Prepared by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils Luca Montanarella (Chair) Dan Pennock (Lead Author) Status of the World’s Soil Resources. Retrieved www.fao.org/publications
Miranda, A. M., Hernandez-Tenorio, F., & Villalta, F. (2024). Advances in microalgae biostimulants. Biology, 13(3), 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13030199
Moreno, J. R. (9 de octubre de 2012). Aspectos ecológicos y metodológicos del muestreo,identificación y cuantificación. Aspectos ecológicos y metodológicos del muestreo: http://revistareduca.es/index.php/biologia/article/view/964
Osorio-Reyes, J. G., Valenzuela-Amaro, H. M., Pizaña-Aranda, J. J. P., et al. (2023). Microalgae-Based Biotechnology as Alternative Biofertilizers for Soil Enhancement and Carbon Footprint Reduction: Advantages and Implications. Marine Drugs, 21(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/md21020093
Pretty, J. (2008). Agricultural sustainability: Concepts, principles and evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1491), 447–465. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2163
Pulz, O., & Gross, W. (2004). Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 65, 635–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1647-x
Rastogi, R. P., Richa, & Incharoensakdi, A. (2020). UV stress and protective mechanisms in microalgae. Science of the Total Environment, 708, 135179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135179
Reinel, J. P., Torres Virviescas , J. P., & Henao Castro, A. (2022). Evaluación del potencial de cultivo de cuatro especies microalgales nativas. MUTIS , 12(2), 23 -45. https://doi.org/https://10.21789/22561498.1821
Renuka, N., Guldhe, A., Prasanna, R., Singh, P., & Bux, F. (2018). Microalgae as multi-functional options in modern agriculture. Biotechnology Advances.
Renuka, N., Sood, A., Prasanna, R., & Ahluwalia, A. S. (2018). Phycoremediation and biofertilization potential of microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 247, 222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.066
Riascos, M. A. (2022). Evaluación del efluente de la planta de tratamiento de agua residual de la Universidad Autónoma de occidente como medio de cultivo para la microalga Chlorella Vulgaris.
Richmond, A., & Hu, Q. (2013). Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Sánchez-Quintero, Á., Fernandes, S. C. M., & Beigbeder, J. B. (2023). Microalgae biostimulants from wastewater. Microbiological Research, 277, 127505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2023.127505
Sharma, P., Jha, A. B., & Dubey, R. S. (2022). Membrane lipid adaptation in microalgae under temperature stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 195, 104774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104774
Singh, J., & Gu, S. (2010). Commercialization potential of microalgae for biofuels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 2596–2610.
Singh, P., Singh, S., & Bux, F. (2022). Stress tolerance in microalgae: Biotechnological implications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 157, 112037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.112037
Sun, Z., Liu, X., Ugya, A. Y., et al. (2025). Microalgae and cyanobacteria as a tool for agricultural sustainability: A review of biofertilizer and biostimulant potential. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, 1733394. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1733394
Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R., & Polasky, S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418, 671–677. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01014
Torrez , R., Burgoa, A., & Ricaldi , E. (2013). MODELOS DE ESTIMACION DE LA RADIACION SOLAR DE BOLIVIA . REVISTA BOLIVIANA DE FISICA, 124(23), 15. https://doi.org/1562/3823
Towards circular economy: Potential of microalgae–bacterial-based biofertilizer on plants. (2024). Journal of Environmental Management, 349, 119445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119445
Uggetti, E., Álvarez-González, A., Serrano, L., Gorchs, G., Ferrer, I., & Díez-Montero, R. (2022). Can microalgae grown in wastewater reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers? Journal of Environmental Management, 323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116224
Vessey, J. K. (2003). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255, 571–586. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026037216893
Xu, J., Wang, H., & Li, Y. (2020). Secondary metabolites in microalgae under environmental stress. Algal Research, 52, 102079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.102079
Zhao, Y., Sun, X., & Wang, Q. (2021). Exopolysaccharides and biofilm formation in microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 326, 124738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124738
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Descargas
La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.